Despite the TL’s devaluation and the ongoing effects of the pandemic, Türkiye’s e-commerce market is growing at significantly higher rates than previous years. Following a record-breaking year of 90% growth in 2019, the eCommerce market grew an additional 30% in years 2020 and 2021, 10% in 2022 reaching $48.3 billion. Virtual market places are among the fastest growing e-commerce sites in Türkiye. Turkish e-commerce sites like Trendyol, Hepsiburada, and Getir have expanded significantly over the last several years. According to Startup Genome and Global Entrepreneurship Network’s “2022 Global Startup Ecosystems Report” (GSER), Istanbul rose to 14th place among the “Global Emerging Ecosystems,” and created a total of $17 billion in ecosystem value over the past 2.5 years.