Foreign Retaliations Timeline
Several countries have imposed retaliatory tariffs on specific exports from the United States. These actions are in response to the WTO large civil aircraft dispute settlement case; Section 232 trade actions on steel and aluminum imports and the Section 301 trade action concerning China’s acts, policies, and practices related to technology transfer, intellectual property, and innovation.
This Foreign Retaliation Timeline offers a detailed history of current retaliatory measures in effect by country.
For more information on foreign retaliatory tariffs on specific imports from the United States, please visit our main page on foreign retaliations.
To see a searchable database of products subject to foreign government retaliatory tariffs, please visit the Foreign Retaliations Database.
WTO Dispute Settlement Retaliations
| Country | Announcement Description | Official Announcement Source | Retaliatory Action | Effective Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The European Union | In November 2020, the EU implemented tariffs on 141 products worth $4 billion due to the longstanding large civil aircraft WTO case. | The EU’s Press Announcement |
Annex 1: 15% tariff Annex 2: 25% Tariff |
November 10, 2020* *In a joint statement with the U.S. on June 15, 2021, the EU announced a five- year suspension of this action. |
| The United Kingdom | In November 2020, the EU implemented tariffs on 141 products worth $4 billion due to the longstanding large civil aircraft WTO case. The UK left the EU on January 1, 2021. | The UK’s Press Announcement | In a joint statement with the U.S. on June 17, 2021, the UK announced a five- year suspension of this action. |
Section 232 Retaliations
| Country | Announcement Description | Official Announcement Source | Retaliatory Action | Effective Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The European Union |
In June 2018, The EU responded to US Section 232 tariffs on steel and aluminum with immediate retaliatory countermeasures. Additional countermeasures were to be imposed after three years if no settlement was reached. Per the October 31, 2021, U.S.-EU arrangement on steel and aluminum trade, the EU suspended retaliatory tariffs for this action. |
The EU’s Announcement to the WTO |
Annex 1: 10%, 25% Tariff |
June 20, 2018* |
| Annex 2: 10%-50% Tariffs |
December 1, 2021*
*Suspended as of October 31, 2021 |
|||
| China | In April 2018, China responded to US tariffs on steel and aluminum with immediate retaliatory countermeasures. | China’s Announcement to the WTO | 15%,25% Tariffs | March 23, 2018 |
| India |
In June 2018, India responded to U.S. tariffs on steel and aluminum with immediate retaliatory tariff measures. On July 13, 2023, India notified the WTO of a mutually agreed solution with the U.S. to remove retaliatory tariffs on certain agriculture goods. |
India’s Announcement to the WTO |
10% - 50% Tariffs |
May 18, 2018* *Mutually agreed solution removed retaliatory tariffs on certain agriculture goods |
| Russia | In August 2018, Russia responded to US tariffs on steel and aluminum with immediate countermeasures in effect until US tariffs are lifted. | Russia’s Announcement to the WTO | 25%, 30%, 40% Tariffs | August 6, 2018 |
| Turkey | In June 2018, Turkey responded to US tariffs on steel and aluminum with immediate countermeasures in effect until US tariffs are lifted. | Turkey’s Announcement to the WTO | 5%- 35% Tariffs | June 21, 2018 |
| The United Kingdom |
In January 2021, the UK separated from the EU. The UK carried over the retaliatory tariffs originally implemented by the EU in June 2018. Per the March 22, 2022 U.S.-UK arrangement on steel and aluminum trade, the UK suspended retaliatory tariffs for this action. |
The UK’s Press Announcement | 10%, 25% Tariff |
January 1, 2021*
*Suspended as of March 22, 2022 |
Section 301 Retaliations
| Country | Announcement Description | Official Announcement Source | Retaliatory Action | Effective Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
China |
China responded to US Section 301 List 1 tariffs in April 2018 with a two-part list of countermeasures. This list was later expanded with an increase in some tariffs in July 2018. |
15%, 25% Tariffs |
April 18, 2018 |
|
| List 1 (revised) |
25% Tariffs |
July 6, 2018 | ||
| China | China responded to additional US Section 301 List 2 tariffs with an additional two-part list of countermeasures in June 2018. This list was later expanded in August 2018. |
25% Tariffs |
June 16, 2018 |
|
| List 2 (revised) |
25% Tariffs |
August 23, 2018 | ||
| China | China responded to additional US Section 301 List 3 tariffs with a four-part list of countermeasures in September 2018. The tariff levels on this list were first revised in September 2018, and then further revised again in June 2019. |
25%, 20%, 10%, 5% Tariffs |
September 24, 2018 |
|
| List 3 (revised) |
10%, 5% Tariffs |
September 24, 2018 | ||
| List 3 (revised) |
25%, 20%, 10%, 5% |
June 1, 2019 | ||
| China | China responded to US Section 301 List 4 tariffs with an additional two-part list of countermeasures in September 2019. This list was later expanded in February 2020. |
10%, 5% Tariffs |
September 1, 2019 |
|
| List 4 (revised) | 5%, 2.5% Tariffs |
February 15, 2020 |
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| China | China has temporarily removed retaliatory tariffs on certain goods, beginning in September 2019. Exclusion Lists 8 is currently valid until February 15, 2023, and Exclusion List 9 is valid until May 31, 2023. |
September 16, 2019 |
||
| September 17, 2020 | ||||
| December 26, 2019 | ||||
| Exclusion List 2 (renewal) | December 26, 2020 | |||
| February 28, 2020 | ||||
| Exclusion List 3 (Renewal) | February 28, 2021 | |||
| May 19, 2020 | ||||
| Exclusion List 4 (Renewal) | May 19, 2021 | |||
| Exclusion List 5 | September 17, 2021 | |||
| Exclusion List 6 | January 1, 2022 | |||
| Exclusion List 7 | April 17, 2022 | |||
| Exclusion List 8 | July 1, 2022 | |||
| Exclusion List 9 | December 1, 2022 | |||
| Exclusion List 10 | February 16, 2023 | |||
| Exclusion List 11 | June 1, 2023 |
Disclaimer
The information set forth above regarding foreign retaliatory measures has been provided as a public service for general reference. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information presented is complete and accurate as of September 6, 2023. The information will be updated as new developments occur.
The actual tariff classification and assessment of duties are determined by customs authorities in the relevant foreign country. Moreover, countries may elect to increase tariffs or otherwise amend tariff treatment at any time. For definitive guidance, parties should contact the government customs agency in the appropriate foreign country.